Environmental
movements, timeline (an abridged version)
- 1962: Rachel
Carson, Silent Spring
- 1962: beginning
of the end of leaded
gasoline
- 1963: nuclear
test ban treaty between U.S. and USSR (stops above-ground testing)
- 1964: U.S.
Wilderness Act (from 9 to 90 million acres in 37 years)
- 1968: U.S. Congress:
Wild and Scenic
Rivers Act, National Trails Act
- 1968: publications:
Paul
Ehrlich, The Population Bomb, Hardin, The
Tragedy of the Commons, Edward
Abbey, Desert Solitaire
- 1969: U.S. Congress:
NEPA
(national environmental policy act, establishes EPA, environmental impact
statements, forest planning processes to integrate public participation)
- 1970: Earth
Day (April 22)
- 1970: U.S. Congress
passes Clean
Air Act
- 1970: NRDC
founded
- 1970: OSHA established
- 1971: Greenpeace
founded
- 1971: First bottle
recycling bill passes IN OREGON
- 1972: U.S. Congress
passes:
- Federal water
pollution control act
- Coastal zone
management act
- Ocean dumping
act
- Marine mammal
protection act
- 1972, 73: publications:
Small is Beautiful (Schumacher),
Limits to Growth (Meadows
et al)
- 1973: U.S. Congress
passes Endangered
species act
- 1974: Congress
passes Safe
Drinking Water Act (under EPA control)
- 1976: Congress
passes RCRA
(Resource conservation and recovery act-leads to superfund
- 1977: President
Carter creates U.S.
Dept. of Energy
- 1979: Three
Mile Island Accident
- 1979: EarthFirst!
Founded
- 1980: U.S. Congress
passes CERCLA
(Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act)-superfund
act-abandoned toxic waste dumps
- 1982: UN World
Charter for Nature passes 111 in favor 1 against (guess who?)
- 1984: Bhopal
disaster in India (Union Carbide)
- 1986: Chernobyl
(in Kiev) nuclear plant explodes, releases large doses of radioactivity.
Immediate deaths are numbered at 31, mid-term deaths are estimated around
4,200. Various agencies report 10 fold to 200 fold increases in thyroid
cancer. Over 2,000 square miles evacuated
- 1987: U.S. GAO
study shows strong correlation between toxic waste dumps and minority
communities
- 1988: International
treaty bans all ocean dumping of wastes
- 1988: Ozone hole
grows over Antarctica; DuPont announces it will stop making CFCs
- 1989: Exxon
Valdez dumps 11 million gallons of oil along Alaskan coastline
- 1990: UN Report
on climate change suggests global temperatures are on the rise (and
sea levels!)
- 1992: Earth
Summit in Rio de Janiero
- 1995: Wolves
reintroduced into Yellowstone Nat'l Park
- 2003: Snowmobiles
permitted in Yellowstone, despite research suggesting harmful ecological
impacts
- 1997: Kyoto Protocol
adopted by US and 121 other nations (but not ratified by Congress)
- 2001: George W.
Bush
announces US intentions to pull out of Kyoto Protocols
source: http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/hist1/11nineties.html
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