Multiple choice questions with answer, Multiple choice questions with answer,
Questions without choices - You supply the answers
Diastolic blood pressure is mainly a result of___ caused by ____.
stroke volume, heart rate
peripheral resistance, vasomotor tone
sympathetic stimulation, vasodilation
hypertensin, the relaxation of the heart
Resistance to blood flow is roughly proportional to:
Length of vessel
Viscosity
all of above
none of above
The energy that drives the waste and water into the capillaries is:
capillary blood pressure
contraction of the metarteriole sphincter
blood colloidal osmotic pressure
tissue pressure
The flow of blood to the capillaries is a result of blood pressure and dilation of the
metarteriole sphincter caused by:
a vasoconstrictor substance produced as a result of hypoxia.
hypoxia causes the sphincter to relax.
blood pressure forces the sphincter to relax.
none of the above
When a tissue is hypoxic it produces _______ substances that cause ______ growth.
angiogenic, connective tissue growth
angiogenic, capillary
angiotensin, vein
none of above
Long term control of blood pressure is a result of:
the kidney the kidney producing angiotensin.
intake of salts, water and food.
intake and out put of salts, water, food and waste.
the baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes.
Constriction of the afferent arteriole will cause a/an _____in GFR while a constriction
of the efferent arteriole will cause a/an _____ in GFR and then a/an _____ in GFR.
increase, increase, decrease
decrease, increase, decrease
decrease, decrease, decrease
increase, decrease, increase
Glucose and amino acids are _______ with sodium and this kind of transport is an example of ____.
symported, primary transport
co-transported, primary active transport
cotransport, secondary active transport
antiport, symport
The maintenance of the high medullary salt concentration is a result of:
counter current system of the loops of Henle and vasa recta.
counter current system and the salt pumps of the distal parts of the distal convoluted tubule.
a counter current multiplier system composed of the loop of Henle, vasa recta and the proximal
part of the distal convoluted tubule.
counter current multiplier and the water gates of the collecting duct.
Water is conserved because the hormone ____ stimulates the production of ____ gates through
a _____ second messenger.
aldosterone, water gates, cGMP
vasopressin, sodium pumps,
aldosterone, sodium gates, cGMP
vasopressin, water gates, cAMP
The production of aldosterone is stimulated in the ______ by high blood levels of ____.
adrenal medulla, potassium
adrenal cortex, potassium
thyroid, sodium
hypothalamus, sodium
High levels of ADH indicate a:
dilute blood.
concentrated blood.
blood with high potassium levels.
blood with too many erythrocytes
Use the Key to answer the following questions concerning a person who has lost lots of body water.
KEY
Increase Decrease Stimulated Inhibited
Baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic sinus
Chemoreceptors in aortic sinus
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions concerning a person who has just received two liter of blood by mistake.
KEY
Increase Decrease Stimulated Inhibited Tissue fluid pressure
Edema
GFR
Blood volume
Blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the carotid
Vein and artery volume
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
Proximal convoluted tubule Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule Loop of Henle Proximal part of the distal convoluted tubule Distal part of the distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubule
Site of the reabsorption of water
Site of the conservation of salts by the counter current system
Site of pumps for counter current multiplier
Water gates that are controlled by ADH are found here.
Vasa recta is located in this area.
*********
GFR is about: 99 liters per hour. 125 ml. per min. 99 liter per min. one liter per min.
A chemical messenger that diffuses from cell to cell is called a:
hormone.
paracrine secretion
apocrine secretion
eicosanoid
One of the reasons progesterone and estrogen, used in the birth control pill,
causes water retention is:
they are given in a pharmacological dose
they are given in a physiological dose
the estrogen is given in a physiological dose
the progesterone is given in physiological dose
Hormones that activate cAMP are usually ______ and relatively ______ acting.
poly-peptides, slow
steroids, fast
poly-peptides, fast
kinases, fast
Insulin drives sugars into the muscle, fat and ______ tissue thus _____ the blood sugar.
brain, elevating
liver, elevating
liver, lowering
all of the above
Which of the following is not considered to be a diabetogenic hormone?
insulin
glucagon
cortisol
Thyroxine
A normal blood sugar is about ______.
140 mg%
5000mg%
10%
140%
Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
Poly-peptide hormones Steroid hormones Thyroxine Calmodulin
Hormones that combine with a protein receptor in the cytoplasm and then this combination induces the production of key enzymes.
Hormones produced by glands derived form neurohormones.
Hormone that combine with a nuclear protein
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
Pancreas Adrenal medulla Posterior pituitary Anterior pituitary
ACTH is produced by the _____.
Adrenalin is produced by the ______.
Gonadotropins are produced in the _____.
Thyrotropin is produced in the ______.
Oxytocin is secreted from the ______.
**********
Use the Key to answer the following questions.
KEY
Angiotensin Activated Vit. D Insulin Erythropoietin
Smooth muscles of the arterioles is the target tissue of ____.
The reticular system is the target of _______.
Liver is the target tissue of _______.
Kidney tubule is the target tissue of ______.
**********
A chemical buffer:
gives off protons
picks up protons
gives off sodium ions
takes up sodium ions
A buffer is either a ______ or a combination of:
strong acid, protein and lipid
protein, weak acid and a salt of a weak acid
carbon donor, of salts
none of above
Most of the buffering capacity of the blood is a result of with of the following compounds:
sugar
hemoglobin
bicarbonate
carbon monoxide
The oxygen dissociation curve is usually shifted to the ___ when acid is added to the blood.
left
right
none of above
Label the axis of the oxygen dissociation curve using the following diagram and the Key
KEY
Grams of oxygen Percent saturation Partial pressures of oxygen Pressure of air Percent of water Axis "A" in the diagram
Axis "B" in the diagram
**********
Which way would the curve for fetal hemoglobin be shifted in relation to maternal hemoglobin.
Right
Left
Stay the same
None of above
Potassium regulation is a result of which hormone.
Aldosterone
ADH
Insulin
Glucagon
Potassium regulation occurs in:
the proximal convoluted tubule
the distal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
collecting duct
The major control of blood acid is a result of the ______ and ______.
lung, stomach
lung, kidney
lung, heart
none of above, lung
If the blood is acid then _____ will be conserved and _____ will be secreted.
hydrogen ions, bicarbonate ions
bicarbonate, hydrogen ions
sodium and potassium, protons
none of above
Excess protons results in a/an______ change in the hemoglobin molecule.
isometric
allosteric
chemical
energy
An increase blood hydrogen ion content will:
increase peripheral resistance
increase blood pressure
increase cardiac output
increase rate and depth of breathing
all of above
none of above
The pneumotaxic center is:
a control center in the medulla
a delay center in the pons
same as the expiratory center
located in the hypothalamus
Under normal relaxed conditions expiration is:
active
passive
requires energy
involves muscle work
The surfactant is necessary to avoid:
collapsed lungs
keep lungs from filling with water
all of above
none of above
Baby born with out the surfactant may suffer:
poor closure of foramen ovale
poor closure of the ductus arteriosus
respiratory distress syndrome
What is the name of the respiratory volume produced when you inhale as much as you can
and then exhale as much as you possibly can?
inspiratory reserve
vital capacity
expiratory reserve
tidal volume
Name of a reflex that insures that the human breaths in a rhythmic fashion.
Hering - Breuer
Bainbridge
Braxton - Hicks
Carbon dioxide
FSH stimulates the_____ to produce _____.
interstitial cells, testosterone
Sertoli cells, testosterone
seminiferous tubules, sperm
Leydig cells, inhibin
LH stimulates the ___ to produce ___. interstitial cells, testosterone Sertoli cells, testosterone seminiferous tubules, sperm Leydig cells, inhibin
One of the functions of testosterone is to_____.
make soft skin
develop the male sex apparatus in the fetus
deposit subcutaneous fat
none of the above
Sperm and testosterone production a response to:
LH
FSH
LH releasing factor
all of above
none of above
Use the key to answer the following questions.
KEY
FSH LH LHRF Prolactin
Gonadotropin responsible for the development of the secondary ovarian follicle. Gonadotropin responsible for the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Similar in structure and function to human chorionic gonadotropin. Produced in the hypothalamus in response to sexual stimulation. Important for lactation after birth. Produced in the hypothalamus. Gonadotropin responsible for initial growth of the ovarian follicle.
*********** Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone Human chorionic gonadotropin FSH
The feminizing hormone
The pregnancy hormone
Keeps the corpus luteum alive during first trimester
Stimulates follicle development
Creates soft skin
Creates tough skin
Growth hormone
Causes the uterus to secrete uterine milk
**********
Plasma estrogen titers show a bimodal distribution during the human menstrual cycle. The first peak is____ and the second peak is____. First 1/2 of the cycle, higher than the first First 1/2 of the cycle, lower than the first First 1/2 of the cycle, last day of the cycle Last 1/2 of the cycle, higher than the first
FSH and LH both peak ______ during the human menstrual cycle.
Just after ovulation
Just before ovulation
Just before menstruation
Just after menstruation
Parturition is a probably a result of:
high estrogen titers and big baby
low estrogen levels and big baby
high progesterone levels and small baby
high progesterone levels and large baby
The birth control pill is usually a synthetic hormone with ________ activity.
estrogen
progesterone
FSH
LH
A 25 centimeter fetus is probably about ______ old.
25 days
2.5 months
25 weeks
no way of knowing
The hormone that is primarily responsible for ovulation is:
FSH
LH
Human chorionic gonadotropin
gonadotropin
The hormone that causes milk let down or ejection is____ and is produced in the _____.
ADH, cerebrum
LH, hypothalamus
Oxytocin, posterior pituitary
Oxytocin, hypothalamus
Milk ejection is an example of:
negative feed back
neuro-endocrine reflex
neural reflex
endocrine reflex
One theory of menstruation is:
sudden lack of estrogen
sudden lack of progesterone
high levels of LH
too much testosterone
Puberty must be a result of maturation of:
sex apparatus
sex endocrine system
brain
spinal cord
Inspiration is:
passive
requires energy
active
none of above
Lung compliance:
amount of air inhaled per cm.3 of water
amount of air inhaled per mm.3 of water
amount of air inhaled per mm. of water
amount of air inhaled per meter of water
If the stroke volume is 75 ml/beat and the heart rate is 75 beats/min, the cardiac output will be:
5625 ml/beat
4900 ml/min
5625 ml/min
4900 liters per min
The cardiac output should ____ if the baroreceptors in the aorta are stimulated by high blood pressure.
Increase Nothing will happen Decrease Vacillate
The cardiac output will ___ if the volume receptors in the atrium are stimulated.
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
Vacillate
When the baroreceptors in the carotid are stimulated, the impulse coming to the
heart through the vagus will:
Decrease
Stay the same
Increase
Vacillate
Diastolic blood pressure is mainly a result of___ caused by ____.
stroke volume, heart rate
peripheral resistance, vasomotor tone
sympathetic stimulation, vasodilation
hypertensin, the relaxation of the heart
Starlings Law of the heart is a/an ______While the baroreceptors in the atrium and carotid are examples of_____. Extrinsic control, intrinsic controls Intrinsic control, extrinsic controls Autonomic nervous system control, parasympathetic nervous system controls neurogenic control, myogenic controls
Resistance to blood flow is roughly proportional to:
the radius to the fourth power
one over the radius
one over the radius to the fourth power
radius squared
The energy that drives the waste and water into the capillaries is:
capillary blood pressure
contraction of the metarteriole sphincter
blood colloidal osmotic pressure
tissue pressure
Use the key to answer the following questions:
Key
Increase in arterial blood pressure Decrease in arterial blood pressure Arterial blood pressure will remain the same Cardiac output is constant and peripheral resistance is increased
Cardiac output is constant and blood flow to the brain is curtailed
Increased systemic sympathetic nervous system output
Massive dilation of precapillary and met arterial sphincters
Large increase in blood volume
Large decrease in blood volume
Large retention of sodium
Kidney failure
********** Use the key to answer the following questions:
Key
Increase in blood flow Decrease in blood flow Blood flow will remain constant
What happens to blood flow through a vessel when the smooth muscle coat contracts?
What happens to blood flow in a capillary bed when the precapillary sphincters relax?
What usually happens to blood flow when blood volume increases?
What will happen to the blood flow in an arteriole that feeds a capillary bed, if the flow in the bed ins decreased?
The kidney suddenly becomes hypoxic?
Sudden dramatic fall in blood pressure.
Cerebral ischemia usually results in an / a ____ blood flow to the brain.
**********
The flow of blood to the capillaries is a result of blood pressure and dilation of the metarteriole sphincter caused by: a vasoconstrictor substance produced as a result of hypoxia. hypoxia causes the sphincter to relax. blood pressure forces the sphincter to relax. could be all of the above
When a tissue is hypoxic it produces _______ substances that cause ______ growth.
angiogenic, connective tissue growth
angiogenic, capillary
angiotensin, vein
none of above
Long term control of blood pressure is a result of:
the kidney producing angiotensin.
intake of salts, water and food.
intake and out put of salts, water, food and waste.
the baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes.
Use the Key to answer the following questions concerning a person who has lost lots of body water.
Key
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
Blood volume should ___
Blood flow to the kidney should ____
Peripheral resistance should _____.
Blood pressure should ___
Blood flow to the bran (if dehydration is not too severe) should _____
Blood flow to the gut ____
.
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions concerning a person who has just received two liter of blood by mistake.
KEY
Increase Decrease Stay tahe same
Tissue fluid pressure
Edema
Blood volume
Blood pressure
Baroreceptor out put in the walls of the carotid and aorta.
Vein and artery volume **********
Stimulation of the vaso-constrictor center will ______ in the gut.
cause vasoconstriction
cauise vasodilation
cause gut cramps
none of above
Low oxygen levels in the blood will cause stimujlation of:
carotid and aortic sinus chemoreceptors
baroreceptros in the kidney
baroreceptors in the wall of the aorta
Increase in pH
The part of the kidney that produces renin:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
A sustained mild vaso constriction is called?
peripheral resistance
vaso motor tone
hipertension
aniotensin
Which of the following is a good vasoconstrictor.
adrenaline
histamine
bradykinin
angiotensin II
The production of dilute urine can be brought about by:
Decreased GFR
Reabsorption of water
Increased blood volume
ADH
Glucose and amino acids are _____ with sodium and this kind of transport is an example of _____.
Symported, primary transport
Cotransported, primary active transport
Cotransport, secondary active transport
Antiport, symport
The average GFR (Glomerular Filtration rate) is about:
99 liters per hour
125 ml per min.
99 liters per min.
one liter per min.
The functional unit of the kidney is called the:
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Nephron
Islet of Langerhans
The portion of the nephron that empties into the calyx is the:
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Vasa recta
Peritubular capillaries
Collecting duct
The portion of the nephron that lies within the medulla is:
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal tubule
Bowman's capsule
Loop of Henle
The capillary network that surrounds the loop of Henle is called the:
Peritubular capillaries
Juxtaglomerular capillaries
Aarcuate capillaries
Vasa recta
The glomerular filtrate must pass through spaces between the glomerular endothelium.
These spaces are called:
Fenestrated membrane pores
Glomerular pores
Sieve pores
None of above
The ultra filtrate in the proximal part of the proximal convoluted tubule is:
Just like blood
Hypertonic to blood
Blood minus proteins and cells
Just like intracellular fluid
Reabsorption of water from the collecting duct occurs by:
Osmosis
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
None of above
The high osmosity in the medulla of the kidney is a result of:
A counter current system
Pumping of sodium out of the filtrate
A counter current multiplier system
Capillaries in the area of the loop of Henle
All of above
Most of the buffering capacity of the blood is a result of which of the following compounds:
hemoglobin
Bicarbonate
Carbon monoxide
Hematocrit
If the blood is to acid:
Bicarbonate ions are conserved
Bicarbonate ions are excreted in the urine
Protons are pumped into the blood from the filtrate
None of the above
Acidosis is diagnosed when the pH is:
Under 7.4
Over 8
Around 7.4 - 7.3
Around 9
An acid is a compound that gives up ___ when ionized.
Protons
Anions
Cations
All of above
None of above
Which of the following is the slowest mechanism for adjusting Blood pH.
Blood buffers
Breathing
Kidney
Bufferin
If a person has acidosis the kidney will probably:
Eliminate protons
Reabsorb bicarbonate ions
Create more bicarbonate
All of above
None of above
What happens to sodium when sodium bicarbonate acts as a buffer and takes up excess protons?
It becomes abase
It becomes a salt
It becomes a free radical wearing a peace symbol
It becomes a free radical that takes part in an action potential
The oxygen dissociation curve is usually shifted to the ___ when acid is added to the blood.
Left
Right
None of the above
Label the axis of the oxygen dissociation curve using the following diagram and the Key.
Key
Grams of oxygen Percent of saturation Partial pressures of oxygen Pressure of air Percent of water
Axis "A" in the diagram
Axis "B" in the diagram
Use the Key to answer questions about oxygen dissociation curves.
Key
Curve would be displaced to the right Curve would be displaced to the left Curve would be unchanged Not enough information
What would happen to the curve if it was constructed from data taken in an acid environment?
What would happen to the curve if 2,3-DPG was added to the blood just prior to doing the experiment?
Which way would the curve shift if you used fetal hemoglobin?
How would trout blood compare to carp blood?
**********
Potassium regulation is a result of which hormone?
Aldosterone
ADH
Insulin
Glucagon
Potassium regulation occurs mainly in:
The proximal convoluted tube
The distal convoluted tube
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
The surfactant made by the alveolar cells is necessary to avoid:
Collapsed lungs
Keep lungs from filling with water
Make it easier to inhale
All of the above
What is the name of the respiratory volume produced when you inhale as much as you can and
then exhale as much as you possible can?
Inspiratory reserve
Vital capacity
Expiratory reserve
Tidal volume
The pneumotaxic center is:
A control center in the medulla
A delay center in the pons
Located in the hypothalamus
Turns off the inspiratory center
Name of the reflex that insures that the human breaths in a rhythmic fashion
Hering Breuer reflex
Bainbridge reflex
Braxton Hicks reflex
None of above
Under normal relaxed conditions expiration is:
Active
Passive
Requires energy
Involves muscle work
The second messenger for most protein hormones is:
cAMP
Protein kinase
cGMP
ATP
Use the key to answer the following questions:
Key
FSH LH GnRF Prolactin
Gonadotropin responsible for the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Similar in structure and function to human chorionic gonadotropin. Important for lactation after birth. Produced in the hypothalamus. Gonadotropin responsible for initial growth of the ovarian follicle.
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions
Key
Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone Human chorionic gonadotropin FSH The feminizing hormone Keeps the corpus luteum alive during first trimester Creates soft skin Causes the uterus to secrete uterine milk
**********
FSH and LH both peak _____ during the human menstrual cycle.
Just after ovulation
Just before ovulation
Just before menstruation
Just after menstruation
The hormone that causes milk let down or ejection is _____ and is produced in the _____.
ADH, cerebrum
LH, hypothalamus
Oxytocin, posterior pituitary
Oxytocin, hypothalamus
Milk ejection is an example of:
Neuro-endocrine reflex
Neural reflex
Endocrine reflex
One theory of menstruation is:
Sudden lack of estrogen
Sudden lack of progesterone
High levels of LH
Sudden reduction of sex steroids
Puberty must be a result of maturation of:
Sex apparatus
Sex endocrine system
Brain
Spinal cord
Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
Seminiferous tubules
Sertoli cells
Prostate gland
Match the action with the hormone.
Key
Increases blood sugar levels Decreases blood sugar levels Increases blood sodium levels Decreases blood sodium levels Decreased blood calcium levels Increased blood calcium levels
Insulin
Active Vit. D
Adrenaline
ADH
Calcitonin
Aldosterone
The interstitial cells of Leydig produce:
Progesterone
Testosterone
LH
FSH
The sex drive is primarily a result of:
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Aldosterone
The granulosa cells produce estrogen from_____received from the thecal cells.
Androgens
Progesterone
Cholesterol
None of the above
HCG keeps the corpus luteum alive so that it can produce:
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Androgens
In humans fertilization usually occurs:
In the oviduct
In the uterus
In the ovary
In the vagina
Protein hormones usually use_____as a second messenger while steroids usually use _____.
cAMP, cytoplasmic receptor protein
Kinase, cAMP
Protein kinase, cytoplasmic receptor protein
Cytoplasmic protein receptor, cAMP
Skin arterioles are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system and are:
Adrenergic
Cholinergic
Short
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Multiple choice questions with answer,
Questions without choices - You supply the answers
Dastolic blood pressure is mainly a result of___ caused by ____.
Resistance to blood flow is roughly proportional to:
The energy that drives the waste and water into the capillaries is:
The flow of blood to the capillaries is a result of blood pressure and dilation of the metarteriole sphincter caused by:
When a tissue is hypoxic it produces _______ substances that cause ______ growth.
Long term control of blood pressure is a result of:
Constriction of the afferent arteriole will cause a/an _____in GFR while a constriction of the efferent arteriole will cause a/an _____ in GFR and then a/an _____ in GFR.
Glucose and amino acids are _______ with sodium and this kind of transport is an example of ____.
The maintenance of the high medullary salt concentration is a result of:
Water is conserved because the hormone ____ stimulates the production of ____ gates through a _____ second messenger.
The production of aldosterone is stimulated in the ______ by high blood levels of ____.
High levels of ADH indicate a:
GFR is about:
A chemical messenger that diffuses from cell to cell is called a:
One of the reasons progesterone and estrogen, used in the birth control pill, causes water retention is:
Hormones that activate cAMP are usually ______ and relatively ______ acting.
Insulin drives sugars into the muscle, fat and ______ tissue thus _____ the blood sugar.
Which of the following is not considered to be a diabetogenic hormone?
A normal blood sugar is about ______.
Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
Hormones that combine with a protein receptor in the cytoplasm and then this combination induces the production of key enzymes.
Hormones produced by glands derived form neurohormones.
Hormone that combine with a nuclear protein
.
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
ACTH is produced by the _____.
Adrenalin is produced by the ______.
Gonadotropins are produced in the _____.
Thyrotropin is produced in the ______.
Oxytocin is secreted from the ______.
**********
Use the Key to answer the following questions.
KEY
Smooth muscles of the arterioles is the target tissue of ____.
The reticular system is the target of _______.
Liver is the target tissue of _______.
Kidney tubule is the target tissue of ______.
A chemical buffer:
A buffer is either a ______ or a combination of:
Most of the buffering capacity of the blood is a result of with of the following compounds:
sugar
The oxygen dissociation curve is usually shifted to the ___ when acid is added to the blood.
Label the axis of the oxygen dissociation curve
Which way would the curve for fetal hemoglobin be shifted in relation to maternal hemoglobin.
Potassium regulation is a result of which hormone.
Potassium regulation occurs in:
The major control of blood acid is a result of the ______ and ______.
If the blood is acid then _____ will be conserved and _____ will be secreted.
Excess protons results in a/an______ change in the hemoglobin molecule.
An increase blood hydrogen ion content will:
The pneumotaxic center is:
Under normal relaxed conditions expiration is:
The surfactant is necessary to avoid:
Baby born with out the surfactant may suffer:
What is the name of the respiratory volume produced when you inhale as much as you can and then exhale as much as you possibly can?
Name of a reflex that insures that the human breaths in a rhythmic fashion.
FSH stimulates the_____ to produce _____.
LH stimulates the ___ to produce ___.
One of the functions of testosterone is to_____.
Sperm and testosterone production a response to:
Use the key to answer the following questions.
KEY
Gonadotropin responsible for the development of the secondary ovarian follicle.
Gonadotropin responsible for the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
Similar in structure and function to human chorionic gonadotropin.
Produced in the hypothalamus in response to sexual stimulation.
Important for lactation after birth.
Produced in the hypothalamus.
Gonadotropin responsible for initial growth of the ovarian follicle.
Use the key to answer the following questions
KEY
The feminizing hormone
The pregnancy hormone
Keeps the corpus luteum alive during first trimester
Stimulates follicle development
Creates soft skin
Creates tough skin
Growth hormone
Causes the uterus to secrete uterine milk
Plasma estrogen titers show a bimodal distribution during the human menstrual cycle. The first peak is____ and the second peak is____.
FSH and LH both peak ______ during the human menstrual cycle.
Parturition is a probably a result of:
The birth control pill is usually a synthetic hormone with ________ activity.
A 25 centimeter fetus is probably about ______ old.
The hormone that is primarily responsible for ovulation is:
The hormone that causes milk let down or ejection is____ and is produced in the _____.
Milk ejection is an example of:
One theory of menstruation is:
Puberty must be a result of maturation of:
Inspiration is:
Lung compliance:
If the stroke volume is 75 ml/beat and the heart rate is 75 beats/min, the cardiac output will be:
The cardiac output should ____ if the baroreceptors in the aorta are stimulated by high blood pressure.
The cardiac output will ___ if the volume receptors in the atrium are stimulated.
When the baroreceptors in the carotid are stimulated, the impulse coming to the heart through the vagus will:
Diastolic blood pressure is mainly a result of___ caused by ____.
Starlings Law of the heart is a/an ______While the baroreceptors in the atrium and carotid are examples of_____.
Resistance to blood flow is roughly proportional to:
The energy that drives the waste and water into the capillaries is:
Use the key to answer the following questions:
Key
Cardiac output is constant and peripheral resistance is increased
Cardiac output is constant and blood flow to the brain is curtailed
Increased systemic sympathetic nervous system output
Massive dilation of precapillary and met arterial sphincters
Large increase in blood volume
Large decrease in blood volume
Large retention of sodium
Kidney failure
Use the key to answer the following questions:
Key
What happens to blood flow through a vessel when the smooth muscle coat contracts?
What happens to blood flow in a capillary bed when the precapillary sphincters relax?
What usually happens to blood flow when blood volume increases?
What will happen to the blood flow in an arteriole that feeds a capillary bed, if the flow in the bed ins decreased?
The kidney suddenly becomes hypoxic?
Sudden dramatic fall in blood pressure.
Cerebral ischemia usually results in an / a ____ blood flow to the brain.
The flow of blood to the capillaries is a result of blood pressure and dilation of the metarteriole sphincter caused by:
When a tissue is hypoxic it produces _______ substances that cause ______ growth.
Long term control of blood pressure is a result of:
Use the Key to answer the following questions concerning a person who has lost lots of body water.
Key
Blood volume should ___
Blood flow to the kidney should ____
Peripheral resistance should _____.
Blood pressure should ___
Blood flow to the bran (if dehydration is not too severe) should _____
Blood flow to the gut ____
.
**********
Use the key to answer the following questions concerning a person who has just received two liter of blood by mistake.
KEY
Tissue fluid pressure
Edema
Blood volume
Blood pressure
Baroreceptors out put in the walls of the carotid and aorta.
Vein and artery volume
Stimulation of the vaso-constrictor center will ______ in the gut.
Low oxygen levels in the blood will cause stimujlation of:
The part of the kidney that produces renin:
A sustained mild vaso constriction is called?
Which of the following is a good vasoconstrictor.
The production of dilute urine can be brought about by:
Glucose and amino acids are _____ with sodium and this kind of transport is an example of _____.
The average GFR (Glomerular Filtration rate) is about:
The functional unit of the kidney is called the:
The portion of the nephron that empties into the calyx is the:
The portion of the nephron that lies within the medulla is:
The capillary network that surrounds the loop of Henle is called the:
The glomerular filtrate must pass through spaces between the glomerular endothelium. These spaces are called:
The ultra filtrate in the proximal part of the proximal convoluted tubule is:
Reabsorption of water from the collecting duct occurs by:
The high osmosity in the medulla of the kidney is a result of:
Most of the buffering capacity of the blood is a result of which of the following compounds:
If the blood is to acid:
Acidosis is diagnosed when the pH is:
An acid is a compound that gives up ___ when ionized.
Which of the following is the slowest mechanism for adjusting Blood pH.
If a person has acidosis the kidney will probably:
What happens to sodium when sodium bicarbonate acts as a buffer and takes up excess protons?
The oxygen dissociation curve is usually shifted to the ___ when acid is added to the blood.
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